Design of the solid fuel boiler

Steel solid fuel boiler

The body of the steel boiler is made of sheet metal. The space between the outer and inner plates is filled with water that is heated. The boiler firebox is surrounded on all sides by heat exchange surfaces with water cooling, providing high efficiency for steel solid fuel boilers.

The plates that come into contact with the flames are made of steel with a thickness of 4-5 mm, while other parts of the housing are made of sheet metal with a thickness of 3-4 mm.

After the fuel is burned in the firebox, the combustion products pass through a labyrinth of shelves with water cooling, increasing the surface area of ​​heat exchange.

The floor of the firebox is also made with water cooling. Ash from the burned fuel falls into an ash bin located under the firebox.

On the front panel of the steel boiler, there are doors for the ash bin with an air supply damper and loading doors, from bottom to top. High-power models are equipped with a third - inspection door, which is designed to clean the smoke channel between the heat exchange shelves.

In the upper part of the boiler, there is a thermometer to monitor the temperature of the boiler water and a nozzle for installing a draft regulator. On the back panel, there are nozzles for connecting the heating system and a nozzle for connecting the chimney.

Mineral wool thermal insulation with a thickness of at least 5 cm is laid between the block of sections and the boiler cladding to reduce heat loss.

The main advantage of the steel solid fuel boiler over the cast iron one is its long service life, which can be up to 50 years, while the steel boiler lasts for about 20-25 years.

Important! It is prohibited to independently equip the boiler with an additional fan for air supply to the firebox. An additional fan creates excess pressure in the firebox, which can cause combustion products to escape into the room with the boiler, including deadly carbon monoxide gas. For the same reason, one should be careful with so-called 'turbocharged' solid fuel boilers from manufacturers with a questionable reputation.

Cast iron solid fuel boiler

The cast iron solid fuel boiler consists of cast iron sections that are connected into a block with tightening bolts. Assembled cast iron sections form a combustion chamber with channels for cooling the flue gases.

Each cast iron section is hollow inside. Heated water passes through the cavities.

Thermal insulation made of mineral wool is laid between the block of sections and the casing of the boiler to reduce heat loss.

Under the block of sections, there is an ash pan, access to which is opened through an ash door located in the lower part of the front facade of the boiler. The loading door is located above the ash pan on the front facade.

Air for combustion is supplied through an air damper in the ash door. The damper is connected to a draught regulator chain that maintains the water temperature at the outlet of the boiler.

The most significant advantage of a cast iron solid fuel boiler over a steel one is its long service life, which can be up to 50 years, while a steel boiler serves for about 20-25 years.

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