How a centrifugal pump works

The principle of operation of a centrifugal pump is based on converting electrical energy consumed by the motor into static energy of the flow (pressure increase) due to centrifugal force.

The water flow entering the center of the rotating impeller with radially curved blades changes the direction of its movement from axial to radial under the action of centrifugal force and, moving along the blades, collects in the housing channel located behind the periphery of the impeller.

In the spiral channel, which has a shape resembling a diffuser, the kinetic energy of the flow is partially converted into static energy, and the flow with a higher pressure comes out of the discharge port.

Thus, the electrical energy consumed by the motor is used to increase the water pressure, and the efficiency of the air-cooled motor pump (dry rotor) can reach 70-80%.

The performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps are strictly dependent on the impeller rotation frequency. For example, doubling the rotation frequency results in a two-fold increase in flow rate, a four-fold increase in head, and an eight-fold increase in power consumption.

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