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The Pressure relief controller maintains a stable water pressure at the inlet, i.e., upstream in the flow direction. The pressure downstream of the controller may fluctuate, but the pressure upstream remains constant and will equal the set value. The pressure setting range is determined by the compression force of the built-in spring.
If the water pressure at the valve inlet is below the set value, the controller is in a closed state. This is why they are also called 'normally closed'.
When the water pressure at the controller inlet exceeds the set pressure, the valve opens. The higher the pressure at the controller inlet above the set pressure, the further the valve's disk opens.
Operating principle of the pressure relief controller is demonstrated using the example of a membrane regulator with a spring-loaded setter and a single-seat valve.
The design of the controller includes a sealed chamber divided into two cavities by a membrane. The central part of the membrane is rigidly connected to the valve stem, and the perimeter is connected to the chamber body. The elasticity of the membrane allows it to shift, moving the stem and the valve disk.
One part of the membrane chamber is filled with water via the impulse line from the inlet connection of the controller, and the other part of the chamber is under atmospheric pressure.
Water enters the membrane chamber cavity via the impulse line. The water pushes on the membrane and attempts to open the valve. The water pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure, so the membrane tries to bend and shift the stem, but it is opposed by the force of the compressed spring, which acts in the opposite direction. The spring tries to close the valve. The position of the valve disk is determined by the balance of forces on the stem.
If the force created by the spring is greater than the force of the water pressure on the membrane, the valve remains closed. As soon as the water pressure exceeds the spring pressure on the membrane, the valve opens.
Such water pressure controllers are also called proportional because the degree of valve opening is proportional to the deviation of the water pressure from the set value.
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